Showing posts with label Guion Miller Roll. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Guion Miller Roll. Show all posts

Wednesday, September 19, 2018

A Final Rejection and the Emergence of a Fake Tribe


In the last post, False Heirs: The Gardner Green Estate, the claim to a fortune made by the Green family of Boone County, Missouri was discussed. This Green family claimed they were the descendants of a Cherokee man named Gardner Green and that the United States was holding a fortune of his to be paid out to them if they could prove their claim. Instead of probating the claim, as anyone who was claiming heirship to a fortune would, the Green family filed Eastern Cherokee applications, the applications required for those who made claim to a share of the money the U.S. Court of Claims awarded the Cherokees (or their heirs) who remained in the eastern homelands until after the Treaty of New Echota. Those Cherokees were considered parties to that treaty and therefore entitled to a share of the funds. No single Cherokee was entitled to all the money and no single Cherokee family was entitled to it all despite the story repeatedly told by the Green family.

The Green family filed 241 Eastern Cherokee applications for 552 claims (children were paid a share if approved but were listed on their parents' applications.) ALL were rejected.

The Eastern Cherokee applications filed that claimed descent from "Gardner Green" are below. The two final claimants appear to have no connection to the Green family from Missouri. That indicates people were finding a name on the 1835 Cherokee Roll and claiming on it whether they were truly related to that person or not. After all, if the claims on Gardner Green were authentic claims, the family lineages should have matched. They didn't.


Remember, ALL the applications filed by the Green family were rejected. Guion Miller, the commissioner appointed by the United States to oversee the roll and payments, wrote an extensive report on why the applications were rejected. First, the testimony given by numerous claimants conflicted with testimony given by other claimants. Second, the Greens claimed Gardner Green, their ancestor, was very old. He would have had great grandchildren born before the Treaty of New Echota and none of his purported children, grandchildren, or great grandchildren had ever lived in the Cherokee domain. Third, Guion Miller did not believe the Gardner Green claimed by the Green family was the same Gardner Green found on the 1835 based on the family description, though he admitted it was only supposition that he believed the male listed as under 18 was the child of Gardner Green.

The full report of Guion Miller is below:

Click to enlarge
Click to enlarge

Click to enlarge

Though Guion Miller had limited resources at the time he made his decision on the family's claim, today we have numerous documents available and can confirm this family was correctly rejected. The man listed as Gardner Green on the 1835 was Young Wolf, son of Mouse. He could not have been the progenitor of the Green family from Boone County, Missouri.

After multiple rejections, by both the Cherokee Nation officials and the agents of the U.S. government, the false claim by the Green family should have come to an end. Unfortunately, it didn't.

Today, approximately 110 years after being rejected by Guion Miller, the Green family descendants still claim to be Cherokee. They, along with others, created a fraudulent tribe that has splintered into additional fraudulent tribes. While the idea of fake tribes may sound funny, it isn't. Recently, one of the Green family "tribes" has caused a tremendous amount of harm. 

They have threatened to destroy Rocky Miller, a Missouri state legislator and citizen of the Cherokee Nation, for sponsoring a law to protect the consumers of Missouri from being tricked into purchasing fake Indian art. They have launched an online smear campaign against the Missouri Archaeological Society, Inc. for cancelling the speaking engagement of one of their members when the Society learned that person was not legitimately Cherokee. They have used their fake tribal cards to apply for and receive government contracts intended for minorities. Most recently, their group members threatened an Eastern Band Cherokee when he asked to speak at their event to explain that what was being presented as Cherokee culture was, in fact, not authentic Cherokee culture.


This farce must end!

It will end.

My next few posts will show the emergence of a fake tribe, through documents and other sources, while also sharing the accurate history of this fake tribe, the non-profit group that calls itself the "Northern Cherokee Nation", headquartered in Clinton, Missouri.  You don't want to miss this. Please stay tuned for more on this story, the legacy of Young Wolf, and what we can learn from it all.


Those are my thoughts for today.
Thanks for reading.







*Please click on images to enlarge.

*Video clip used with permission. Credit: Chris Penick

Previous posts in this series:


copyright 2018, Polly's Granddaughter - TCB

Monday, January 9, 2012

Beware the Eastern Redbud!

"Cherokee trivia: Did you know that trees figure prominently in Cherokee culture. Some trees are sacred such as Cedar and Holly. Others are important food sources such as hickory, chinquapin and chestnut. And some become sacred when included in the seven woods used to kindle the ceremonial fire. One tree is neither sacred nor particular special, except for it's name, which makes it interesting. That is the Eastern Redbud known to Cherokees as Da-yi-go-gi or Liar. It is called this because it is the first tree to bloom in the spring often before the last heavy frost. If the farmer planted based on the Liar, the tender crops would be lost." David Cornsilk, Cherokee historian and activist

 Well, that's interesting, but how does it fit into genealogy? 



Cherokee genealogy trivia: Did you know that the Eastern Cherokee Applications figure prominently in Cherokee genealogy? Some applications are valuable because they offer evidence of Cherokee ancestry. Others are important because they offer Cherokee genealogical information found nowhere else. One type is neither valuable or important when proving Cherokee ancestry, which makes it interesting. That type is the rejected application. It could have been rejected because a Cherokee who descended from Old Settlers made it, but, most likely, it was rejected because the person applying simply was not Cherokee. Many non-Cherokees applied, believing the Cherokees had no records, therefore they could get some of the settlement money. For this reason, rejected applications are like the Eastern Redbud or Liar. It is the first documentation wannabes cling to, often without anything else that suggests their ancestors were Cherokee. Beware the the Eastern Redbud, or Eastern application (rejected)! If a person claims to be Cherokee based on a Da-yi-go-gi, all truth in their genealogy may be lost.




Those are my thoughts for today.
Thanks for reading.





copyright 2012, Polly's Granddaughter - TCB

Monday, June 13, 2011

Fortune Hunters, the Guion Miller Roll, and the Birth of the Wannabe.

This is the introduction to a new series I am starting on this blog. Because the "Cherokee Myth Phenomenon" and wannabes are such a peculiar thing to us Cherokees, we often discuss it privately among ourselves. We try to understand why someone with no proof whatsoever of Cherokee ancestry would claim to be Cherokee simply based on something they have heard or something they believe. We wonder why people believe they are Cherokee when there is nothing but a family story to base that belief on. We wonder what it is about us that seems so special that many people want to be one of us. We wonder why all the family stories ever started in the first place. When in history, did these families who were always listed as white and never listed in the Cherokee records or on any Cherokee rolls suddenly decide to declare themselves Cherokee? What happened and what was the motivation for these families or people to start saying they were Cherokee?

After a lot of hours of research on some of these families, one thing repeatedly comes up over and over - a rejected Guion Miller application. Families who had never been considered Cherokee before were suddenly making a claim of being Cherokee on these applications. It is extremely common for people today to base their entire claim of Cherokee ancestry on a rejected, I repeat, rejected, application. It doesn't matter that there is never other documentation to support the idea that the family was actually Cherokee. Because someone in their ancestry decided to apply for the Guion Miller Roll, people grab onto a rejected claim of Cherokee blood and cling to it as if their life depended on it. Though these applications often offer a lot of genealogical information, they don't necessarily offer any proof of Cherokee ancestry and to use them as such is in no way, shape or form, the practice of good genealogy.

What was the Guion Miller Roll? It is a list that includes the names of ALL the people who applied for compensation arising from the judgment of the United States Court of Claims on May 28, 1906, for the Eastern Cherokee tribe.There were 45,857 applications filed for about 900,000 claimants. 30,254 of those claimants were entitled to share in the funds. This means nearly 2/3 of all claimants were NOT entitled and therefore rejected. It would be impossible for that many people to actually be Cherokee yet never have been found on any Cherokee record before then. Obviously some of the people who filed an application simply were not Cherokee.

A common assumption of those who descend from people who were rejected on the Miller Roll is that their ancestors were Cherokee, but they just couldn't prove it at that time. After reviewing many, many, many of these applications, I don't believe that assumption to be correct. Newspapers were full of announcements that the Cherokees and/or Cherokee heirs would be receiving money anywhere from $5,000,000 to $11,000,000. Many times it was not made clear this was money for nearly the entire tribe but instead gave the impression that it was for specific families. Any time people were making a claim for money, we must be wary of anything they said. For a chance at that amount of money, I believe most  people would have said just about anything to try to prove their claim.

There are people who applied for the Miller Roll who had never heard they were Cherokee before the money or land topic came up. They were suddenly informed by someone that they were Cherokee or related to a specific family and should apply. There were families who had heard they were Indian or "kin" to them, so they applied even though they had never heard what tribe of Indians they might be "kin" to. There were people who were notified by "claim agents" and lawyers that they were entitled to lots of money so they applied. There were people who were told they would be receiving both land and money, so they applied. There were people who applied because they thought they were enrolling in the Eastern Cherokee tribe and then would be entitled to land and money. There were even people who believed it was only their specific ancestor the money was for so they thought they were coming into a vast fortune by applying.

Estate fraud has been found in non-Indian genealogy for years and I think many of these Guion Miller claims fall into the same category. Many of the rejected non-Cherokee claimants, for one reason or another, filed a claim believing they were going to come into money. Maybe they did it out of greed, or maybe they were misled in one way or another into believing they had a valid claim, but either way, I think they were basically fortune hunters who were filing a claim thinking they had a chance to gain either money or land or both. Though many claimed they had always lived and/or passed as white just like their parents, grandparents and so on, they still were willing to claim to be Cherokee thinking it would benefit them. It was at this time, I think wannabeism took a strong hold over the non-Cherokee population in the United States and I think it has done nothing but grow since then. Over the next few weeks, or months, or years, however long it takes to show all the documentation and evidence that supports the reasons I believe this, I will be writing on why I believe the rejected applications are a very poor source to use to support a claim of Cherokee ancestry and why I think those rejected applications have led to the hoard of wannabes that exist today.

Those are my thoughts for today.
Thanks for reading.

The Granddaughter

***Note - The term "Cherokee Myth Phenomenon" does not belong to me. It is a term that was originally used by a friend of mine and I use it when it fits the subject I am writing about, but that term belongs to him, not me.***

copyright 2011, Polly's Granddaughter - TCB

Thursday, February 3, 2011

Dissecting a Family Myth - William Loranzo Dow Keith

Disclaimer: Though another blogger claims I did this research for her, that is not true. If you are one of the people who found this post due to the writings of another blogger, please read this post or contact me privately for more information. 


Yesterday a friend contacted me and asked me to look up the Guion Miller application of William Loranzo Dow Keith. The descendants of William claim to descend from a Cherokee named Crane Eater based on this application. Almost immediately, I knew this was a family myth that needed to be dissected and explained.

The first thing I noticed about the Miller application filed by William was that it was rejected. The reason - "It does not appear that any ancestor was party to the treaties of 1835-6 or 1846. Nor does it appear that any ancestor was ever enrolled. Shows no real connection with the Eastern Cherokees." How much clearer can it get? Guion Miller said these people had NO REAL connection to the Cherokees. How is that sound genealogical evidence of Cherokee ancestry?


Having the application rejected is usually not good enough for some people to accept they are not Cherokee, so I kept looking. Next I noticed William reported his grandfather's English name as James Keith and Indian name "Heat", but later, after giving testimony for more information, William then threw the name Crane Eater out there. "But if he wasn't Cherokee, where would he get such a name?" you might ask. Let me tell you. William was born in Gordon County, Georgia. Guess what is in Gordon County, Georgia? A town/community named Crane-Eater as well as a creek with the same name. Notice William didn't pick just any Cherokee name to say he descended from, but instead, something he was familiar with - a place named after a Cherokee and near where he had previously lived. And, we know he knew about this place because he actually mentions it in his Miller application.


Also, William changed his story from the time he filed his application to the time he was questioned for more details about his grandfather. The first time he gave information about his grandfather, he said his grandfather's English name was James Keith. In the testimony for more information, he said, "My grandfather was a full blooded Cherokee. His name was Crane Eater: that was his Indian name. Don't know that he ever had any English name." Now why did the story change? Is it possible William forgot he had already reported the English name (and supposed Cherokee name) of his grandfather and thought this new story sounded better? Whatever the reason, the stories don't match and something is amiss.

William also says his grandfather lived with the Indians until he died, but this can't be true. The reason? Because we would assume a father was living in the place his children were born. William says his father, David A. Keith, was born in Monroe County, Georgia in 1807. According to the 1860 US Census, William's father, David, was 35 years old. This means he was actually born in approximately 1825. At that time, Monroe County, Georgia was no longer Indian land. It had been ceded by the Creek Nation in January, 1821. When Indians ceded land to the government, they moved off that land. This means white people lived there, not Indians. So, if David A. Keith was born there, his father (William's grandfather) was probably living there and not with Indians as William stated.

Another thing I noticed about the Miller application filed by William was that he had a lawyer working on his claim for him. Anyone who has read very many of the Miller applications is aware that it is rare to see a real Cherokee use a lawyer to get their money, but extremely common for a white person who is eventually rejected to use one. Cherokee genealogists are also aware of the fact lawyers were traveling around the country telling people the Cherokees were going to get a lot of money and for a small fee, the lawyer could help people get some of this money because the Cherokees had no records. The only people who got rich in this was the lawyers because the Cherokees had a lot of records and the fraudulent applications were nearly all rejected.

Something else that got my attention in this application was twice William wrote letters to the commission asking how long it would take to settle his case. In one letter, he even said, "I write to you to inquire the status of my case as I am in very bad health and not able to work......This is a matter this is of vital importance to me.............As I am in very straightened circumstances I would deem it a great favor if you could advise me to an early consumation of my claim." These sound like the words of a desperate man who needed money badly. It would not seem far fetched to think he would try to get it by saying anything he needed to say. After all, there was no punishment for filing a false claim, you just got rejected. But, if you could get admitted, then you got money. So what was there to stop people from trying to get this money? Haven't we all heard the old saying, "Hard times call for drastic measures"?

After moving from the Miller application, which should have been more than enough to dispel the family myth of Cherokee ancestry, I found more information. Apparently James Keith*, the great grand uncle of William (the uncle of his supposed full blood grandfather, James Keith/Crane Eater), was issued a passport to cross Creek Nation (Georgia Passports, page 229, dated Thursday, 17 November 1808). Guess what? Indians didn't need passports to cross Indian land. That is something white people needed. Since William claimed his grandpa was full blood, that would mean great grand uncle would probably have been at least some degree of Indian. If William's claim's were true, then why the need for a passport?

And, I am not finished yet. William's aunt, Cynthia Keith Prince McFarlin, who he mentions in his Miller application, the daughter of his "full blood Cherokee grandfather", was not born in Cherokee Nation, but instead in Meriwether, Georgia which is located in the west central part of the state and was created in 1827. Meriwether and its parent county, Troup, were included in the last territory ceded by the Creek Indians to the United States government. She then moved to Gordon County, Georgia, (at the time, Cherokee Nation) at the age of 7 (information from her obituary published in Calhoun Times; July 26, 1917.)

Since she was born in 1832, per her obituary, this means she moved into the Cherokee Nation in approximately 1839. Guess what happened in 1838-39? The Cherokees were removed and whites took over their homes and property! Now if James Keith was Cherokee, a full blood Cherokee, why would he move his family INTO Cherokee Nation as the Cherokees are being forced out? He wouldn't. The only people who moved into Cherokee Nation at that time were whites who were waiting like vultures to take Cherokee homes and property as soon as the army removed the Cherokees!

People often don't believe me when I say the very people who forced our ancestors off their land and took nearly everything else they had now have descendants who are trying to steal the last thing we have left -- our very identity. This family is a prime example of it. First, they moved onto Cherokee Nation lands as soon as the Cherokees were forced out! Then, they filed a claim for money due the Cherokees for that very same land! And now they claim to be Cherokee based on that rejected application! Are you kidding me? Why don't they just spit in our faces?

What gives this family the right to claim to be Cherokee when there is no evidence to support it, yet so much that suggests they aren't? I would like to say this is an isolated case and it doesn't happen very often, but unfortunately, it happens all the time. There is NO excuse for it. I only looked at this family for two hours and found all this information. If I can find this in that short amount of time, then why can't the descendants who have been looking for years find it? The pieces of the puzzle are all there. They just have to put them together. You can't change a family to Cherokee when they weren't. The evidence speaks for itself.

*Indenture: Witnesseth that James Keith, son of Samuel Keith dec'd and by consent of James Keith, his uncle, put himself an apprentice to Allen Spurlock to learn his art or mystery and after the manner of an apprentice to serve him from the date hereof during the full term of his minority ... [Guardian and Administrator's Bonds 1794-1848 p. 48; McRee p. 10]

More about the Keith family here.

Those are my thoughts for today.
Thanks for reading.

CC
The Granddaughter

Full documents used for the above sources are found below.

Eastern Cherokee/Guion Miller application for William Loranzo Dow Keith #2820, footnote.com








1860 US Census listing David A. Keith and family, ancestry.com


Obituary for Cynthia Keith Prince McFarlin, http://www.themashburncollection.com/search/label/Prince#axzz1CxPxqhWj

copyright 2011, Polly's Granddaughter - TCB

Monday, November 2, 2009

Currently Researching These Surnames

The Cherokee family names I am currently researching are Tucker, Keener (or Kenah), Birdchopper, Scott, Henson, Whitekiller, Shade and Cochran. These families were all from the Lost City/Melvin/Hulbert area at the time of the Dawes/Miller Rolls. Not all are related to each other and not all are related to me. If anyone is researching these family names and needs help, contact me and I will be glad to help if I can. Also, if anyone has information about these families they would like to share, that is always welcome!

Thank you.
Those are my thoughts for today.
Thank you for reading.

CC
The Granddaughter
copyright 2009, Polly's Granddaughter - TCB

Wednesday, September 30, 2009

Cherokee Genealogy - Part 2

Probably the most valuable sources of genealogical information for your Cherokee ancestors are the Eastern Cherokee Applications, better known as the Guion Miller Roll. The applications consisted of at least four pages of family information as well as other documents, including some marriage records. Included in the four pages of information might be:

  • date and place of birth of the applicant;
  • name of spouse, if married;
  • parents' English and Indian names;
  • parents' date of death;
  • place applicant or parents were living in 1851;
  • other rolls applicant or parents were listed on;
  • names, date of birth, date of death of the applicant's siblings;
  • English and Indian names of applicant's grandparents;
  • birthplaces of grandparents;
  • the English and Indian names of the grandparents' children;
  • sometimes the names of the applicant's children.

It is important to pay attention to the names and relationships of the people the applicant makes their claims through because these names could give clues to relationships not found anywhere else. Also, on the card at the beginning of the packet that says whether the applicant was accepted or rejected, there is usually a note telling who the applicant claimed through.
If the note on the card says, "Applicant's father enrolled by Drennen 1851 Del 188", that means the father of the applicant was living in Delaware District, Group 188 on the 1851 Drennen Roll.

Sometimes the next card in the application might say "grouped with" followed by several other numbers.
These are the numbers of other Guion Miller applications. You should look at each application in the "grouped with" list. Those applications may offer additional information on your family. Maybe your ancestor did not know the name of his grandfather, but his brother did. Maybe one sibling listed the Indian name of someone and the other sibling listed the English name. You never know exactly what you can learn from looking at all of the applications that are grouped together. On one application for a family member of mine, I found fourteen other applications that were grouped with it. Simply by knowing everyone who had claimed through my ggg grandfather, I was able to add several more branches to my family tree. I was also able to determine that everyone with his surname, listed at the time of Dawes as a full blood, was a descendant of his.

There are free index searches for the Guion Miller Roll on the internet, but none offer anything other than a name and number. There is no way to know if this is your ancestor or if they were accepted or rejected from these indexes. In order to get that information, you must have access to the application. I will do FREE Miller application lookups for anyone who requests one. Click the free lookup link in the side bar of this page and leave a query for the ancestor you are researching.

For additional information on the Guion Miller Roll, please see this page. From time to time, I will list additional resources to search for Cherokee family history and genealogical information so check back often for my future posts.

Those are my thoughts for the day.
Thank you for reading.

CC
The Granddaughter